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Eaton's Sign

 Clinical medicine--including the specialty of allergy-- is about sight, touch, smell, and hearing--not just about the latest medical article we've read in the Annals of Allergy or JACI.  One thing we've tended to underemphasize  in our profession is late-phase skin test reactions--something we can see and touch hours after the test has been applied--if we just look for them.  But there is another  item that I've never seen described or documented in the lilterature--and that is the curious phenomenon of intradermal skin test "recall" days or even months after intradermal skin testing was done.  Under certain occasions, it seems as if the site where a skin test was formerly applied  retains a "memory" for furher reaction  when a similar antigen is encountered in our environment many days later. 


What do I mean?  For example, I've seen patients receive intradermal skin tests for molds, and end up with strong delayed rections to them.  Upon getting a subsequent  airborne mold exposure many days later, (for example, mowing the lawn), the patient may note pruritis and swelling at the site of his former tests.  If you ask patients about this phenomenon, they will frequently volunteer that it does indeed occur.  Interestingly, I had a chance to examine this phenomenon first-hand in my office one day, in  a patient who I had previously tested for mold allergy.  She had had strong delayed reactions to mold when I initially tested her. .  When she saw me, she had just had a major symptomatic mold exposure the day before.  On her arm, there were faint areas of erythematous swelling and puriritis where I had previously tested her to mold on an earlier occasion.   

I'd like to call this phenomenon "Eaton's Sign", named in memory of the late Dr. Keith Eaton, M.D. 

I remember meeting Dr. Eaton in Manchester, England, when he excitedly came up to me and asked if I thought that heavy mold exposure could trigger depression in susceptible individuals.  He was one of the earliest members of the BSACI (British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology), and a student of Professor Jack Pepys. He was a prolific writer, publishing some 80 papers, and specifically wrote about the delayed reaction to molds on intradermal testing,  and described it thoroughly in his publications.  He felt the delayed mold reaction, although obscure in cause, was "not without biological significance".  In retrospect, his interest in mold was probably stimulated by his wife Susan's serious illness from mold, and a serious case of "dry rot" in his house!  He was a consumate clinician and researcher, who tragically passed away with pancreatic cancer.  Dr. David J Freed has this to say about him in his memorium:  

 

As a doctor he was loved by his patients—they too could not get a word in edgeways, but did not seem to want to either because Keith intrigued and entertained them as well as giving sound medical advice. When lecturing at formal medical gatherings he used an impish sense of humour to illustrate points that might otherwise have been difficult for doctors to comprehend, as, for example, his famous comment on the cause of atopic eczema. To judge by the prescribing behaviour of doctors, he dryly noted, it must be caused by betamethasone deficiency! He was also multitalented, and few of us saw all sides of the man. Whatever he turned his attention to he became absorbed in and became good at, whether it was painting, sculpting, or restoring vintage cars (during his general practice years he could often be seen, on dry days, driving his open-top Alvis or Gilbern around the practice to visit patients, fully kitted out in goggles, beret, and huge motorman’s gloves...
So what do we know about Eaton's sign?  A few intriguing points I've found:

1.  It only occurs after intradermal--and not prick--testing.  A heavy dose of antigen is needed.
2.  It mainly occurs in patients who have experienced delayed "late phase" intradermal reactions.
3.  It mainly occurs with either dust or mold.  It may occur with pollens but I'm not sure I've seen it
4.  The sign consists of pruritis, and sometimes observable swelling and erythema at sites of previous intradermal        tests to mold or dust mite, upon having a recent relatively heavy exposure anywhere in the preceeding 24-48 hours.  
5.  The onset of the reaction may be variable, and may occur within minutes of the subsequent allergen exposure.  
6.  This phenomenon may be a variant of the "fixed drug eruption site" phenomenon observed by dermatologists...

So Keith, I say "Thanks for the memories"...and this sign's for you....

Later, Dude











 


Posted on Sunday, October 5, 2008 at 02:30PM by Registered CommenterGeorge F Kroker MD FACAAI in | Comments2 Comments

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